How plant enzymes can adapt to higher temperatures
Article Highlights
- New research from the Walker lab is looking at ways to help plants adapt by introducing engineered enzymes that will make the plants more heat tolerant.
- This study was published in Plant Biotechnology Journal.
- “By understanding the ‘why’ of how [C. merolae enzymes] operate at higher temperatures, we can re-engineer plant enzymes to be better prepared for a world with higher temperatures,” said Berkley Walker.
By Emily Walker
When temperatures rise, plants must adapt to new conditions.
“I would say that the main goal of our research is to prepare plants for elevated temperatures because with climate change, temperatures rise,” said Ludmila Roze, senior research scientist in the Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, or PRL. “How can we help agriculture be prepared to sustain yield in this changing environment?”
New research from the Walker lab is looking at ways to help plants adapt by introducing engineered enzymes that will make the plants more heat tolerant. This study was published in Plant Biotechnology Journal.
The lab is looking to increase the thermotolerance of plants, or their ability to survive at high temperatures. These temperatures can wreak havoc on plants, down to the cellular machinery that keeps them alive. The plant’s ability to maintain its physical and chemical structures while under these temperature conditions is known as thermostability.
By Josh Vermaas
This paper looks at increasing thermostability of an enzyme known as glycerate 3-kinase, or GLYK, in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This enzyme is the final step of a vital plant process known as photorespiration, which is expected to become even more important as temperatures increase.
To develop a repertoire of enzymes with different thermostabilities, the Walker lab looks at a variety of photosynthetic organisms, including the alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, which lives in acidic, volcanic hot springs. When compared to many plants, C. merolae has much better thermostability.
“By understanding the ‘why’ of how [C. merolae enzymes] operate at higher temperatures, we can re-engineer plant enzymes to be better prepared for a world with higher temperatures,” said Berkley Walker, associate professor in the PRL and the MSU Department of Plant Biology.
By Harley J Seeley
Combining AI-assisted enzyme folding models with molecular dynamics by the PRL Vermaas lab, the researchers were able to identify parts of the C. merolae enzyme, referred to colloquially as loops, which were responsible for thermostability. These loops were introduced to the Arabidopsis GLYK enzyme.
The researchers found that, with the loops introduced, the Arabidopsis enzyme had increased thermotolerance, which would allow it to better adapt to a changing climate.
“There is very intensive research about how temperature affects plant growth, physiology and yield,” Roze said. “Elevated temperature affects many agricultural plants species in a dramatic way, they reduce their yield.”
In some plants, such as Brassica rapa, which turnips and bok choy were cultivated from, elevated temperatures can stall photosynthesis, putting the plant at risk.
The next step is to introduce these engineered more thermotolerant enzymes into the model plant Arabidopsis, to see how the plant reacts. This will be done in later research.
By Emily Walker
“Understanding how we can learn from nature and improve enzymes for a warmer future is critical, since plants are faced with temperatures that they have not historically been exposed to,” Walker said.
“Some enzymes are going to be just fine, but others may not be able to take the heat. With this knowledge we have a strategy we can try on any enzyme to increase its ability to operate under warmer conditions.”
This work was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the United States Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-91ER20021 and awards from the National Science Foundation Division of Integrative Organismal Systems. This work was supported in part through computational resources and services provided by the Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at MSU.
